Spermicide is a method of birth control that works by preventing sperm from moving or by killing sperm before they can reach an egg. It’s available over the counter in several forms, including gels, creams, foams, and suppositories.
But can using spermicide cause yeast infections?
This article will explore the potential link between using spermicide and getting yeast infections. We’ll look at the ways spermicides affect the vaginal environment and offer tips for maintaining a healthy vaginal microbiome.
What is Spermicide?
Spermicide is a type of birth control you put inside your vagina before sex to stop sperm from reaching an egg. It comes in several forms, including creams, gels, foams, films, and suppositories.
Many spermicides contain a chemical called nonoxynol-9, which is the ingredient that kills sperm. It works by disrupting the sperm’s cell membranes, preventing them from swimming to fertilize an egg.
How Spermicide May Contribute to Yeast Infections
Spermicides can affect the vaginal environment in ways that may make yeast infections more likely.
Disruption of Vaginal pH Balance
A healthy vagina has a specific pH balance, usually between 3.8 and 4.5. Spermicides can throw off this natural balance.
When the pH balance is disrupted, it can create a welcoming environment for Candida albicans, the yeast that causes most vaginal yeast infections.
Nonoxynol-9 and Yeast Infections
The active ingredient in many spermicides, nonoxynol-9, may increase the risk of getting yeast infections again and again.
In the lab, researchers have found that nonoxynol-9 can act as a food source for harmful bacteria and yeast, including Candida albicans. Not only that, but nonoxynol-9 can kill lactobacilli, the “good” bacteria that help protect against yeast overgrowth.
Irritation and Inflammation
Spermicides can sometimes cause vaginal irritation, itching, and allergic reactions in some people.
This irritation can make the vaginal environment more vulnerable to infection. When the vaginal tissues are inflamed, it’s easier for yeast to take hold and cause problems.
Other Factors That Increase Yeast Infection Risk
While spermicide can increase your risk of yeast infections, it’s not the only culprit. Other factors can also raise your risk:
- Hormonal birth control: Pills, IUDs, vaginal rings, patches, and injections can all increase the likelihood of yeast infections.
- Pregnancy
- Hormone therapy
- Diabetes
- Immunosuppression
- Antibiotic use
Preventing Yeast Infections
Yeast infections are no fun, but there are steps you can take to lower your risk. Here’s what I recommend:
- Practice good vaginal hygiene. That means keeping the area clean and dry, avoiding douches (which disrupt the natural balance), and steering clear of products with fragrances or dyes.
- Wear cotton underwear. Cotton is breathable and helps prevent moisture buildup.
- Change pads and tampons often. Don’t leave them in longer than necessary.
- Wipe from front to back. This helps prevent bacteria from the rectum from getting into the vagina.
- Eat probiotic-rich foods or take a probiotic supplement. Probiotics can help maintain a healthy balance of bacteria in the vagina, which can ward off yeast infections.
- If you’re diabetic, manage your blood sugar. High blood sugar can create an environment where yeast thrives.
Treatment Options
If you suspect you have a yeast infection, there are several treatment options available. For most cases, over-the-counter antifungal medications work well. However, if you have a severe infection or one that keeps coming back, you may need a prescription antifungal medication from your doctor.
Creams containing lactobacilli are sometimes used to treat cystitis. Some women find that these creams help with yeast infections, too, although results are mixed.
When should you see a doctor?
If you think you have a yeast infection, it’s always a good idea to talk to a healthcare provider, especially to rule out other possible infections, such as gonorrhea. It’s especially important to seek medical advice if any of the following apply to you:
- This is your first time experiencing symptoms of a yeast infection.
- Your symptoms are severe.
- You experience yeast infections frequently.
- You are pregnant.
- You aren’t sure if your symptoms are caused by a yeast infection.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do you know the difference between a yeast infection and a UTI?
While both can cause discomfort, yeast infections primarily cause itching, burning, and a thick, white discharge in the vaginal area. UTIs, on the other hand, typically cause a burning sensation during urination, frequent urges to urinate, and sometimes lower abdominal pain. If you’re unsure, it’s best to see a doctor for a proper diagnosis.
How long does spermicide stay in you?
Spermicide is designed to be effective for about one hour after it’s inserted. It’s generally recommended to wait at least six to eight hours after intercourse before douching, if you do douche, to allow the spermicide to do its job.
Can you get an infection from spermicide?
While spermicide itself doesn’t “cause” an infection in the traditional sense, it can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina, potentially increasing the risk of bacterial vaginosis (BV) or yeast infections in some individuals, it’s important to remember that certain infections like Gonorrhea can be transmitted through different ways. It’s not a direct cause, but more of a risk factor.
What are the symptoms of spermicide allergy in females?
Symptoms of a spermicide allergy can range from mild to severe. Mild symptoms might include itching, burning, or redness in the vaginal area. More severe reactions can involve hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, or even anaphylaxis. If you suspect an allergic reaction, seek medical attention immediately.
Why do I get yeast infections from condoms?
It’s not the condom itself that usually causes yeast infections, but rather sensitivities or allergies to the latex or lubricants used on some condoms. Some lubricants, especially those with added fragrances or chemicals, can irritate the vaginal area and disrupt the natural pH balance, making you more susceptible to yeast infections. Consider trying latex-free or unlubricated condoms to see if that helps.
In closing
Spermicides, especially those containing Nonoxynol-9, may increase your risk of developing a yeast infection. That’s because spermicides can alter the pH balance of the vagina and kill off some of the beneficial bacteria that would normally keep yeast in check.
If you’re prone to yeast infections, you may want to talk with your doctor about alternative birth control options that are less likely to disrupt the natural balance of your vaginal flora.
Ultimately, the best approach is to consult with a healthcare provider who can assess your individual risk factors and provide personalized advice on birth control and vaginal health.